College instructors generally require that you follow a specific
method of presenting and listing outside sources. Refer to
"Crediting Sources" for guidelines for citing sources. Students
often confuse two of the most common styles -- MLA and APA
| MLA |
|
APA |
| developed by Modern Language Association |
|
developed by American Psychological Association |
| used in English, language, and literature courses |
|
used in social sciences such as psychology and sociology |
| List of sources called "Works Cited" or "Works Consulted"
(to list works used but not cited) |
|
List of sources called "References" or "Bibliography"
(to list works used but not cited) |
| Sources alphabetized by last name or title |
|
Sources alphabetized by last name or title |
| Sample book: |
|
Sample book: |
| Jones, W. (1998) Chicago. New York: Putnam. |
|
Jones, W. (1998) Chicago. New
York: Putnam |
| Sample Article: |
|
Sample Article: |
| Abrams, Jane. "New Cities." Time 21 Jan. 1998: 3. |
|
Abrams, J. (1998, January 21). New cities. Time, 3. |
| Parenthetical notes used to cite quotes and paraphrases: include author's last name and page number in parentheses. If author's name is given in the text, only the page number is needed in parentheses.
|
|
Parenthetical notes used to cite quotes and paraphrases: include author's last name and date in parentheses. If author's name is given in the text, only the date is needed in parentheses. For a direct quote, add the page number at the end (after the period).
|
| Some view Chicago as the city of the
future (Jones 12). |
|
Some view Chicago as the city
of the future (Jones 1998). |
10/16/2003
| Jones views Chicago as the city of the future (12). |
|
Jones (1998) views Chicago as the city of the future. |
| Jones stated, "Chicago is the city of
the future" (12). |
|
Jones (1998) stated, "Chicago is the city of the future." (p. 12) |
